The war in Ukraine has been a transformative force in Russia, reshaping its society, economy, and political landscape. While the conflict has had devastating consequences for Ukraine, it has also brought about significant changes in Russia. Here's a closer look at how the past four years have altered the country.
Life in War-Torn Regions
The western Russian regions bordering Ukraine, such as Kursk and Belgorod, have borne the brunt of the war. These areas have been subjected to artillery barrages, drone strikes, and even ground incursions from Ukrainian forces. For instance, Ben Higginbottom, a 25-year-old YouTuber who moved to Kursk with his Russian wife, describes the constant strikes and the locals' resilience. Despite the danger, life continues, and the locals have adapted to the constant threat.
Economic Impact
The war has had a significant economic impact on Russia. While major metropolises like Moscow and St. Petersburg have barely felt the war's effects, the sanctions imposed by Western allies have caused inconvenience. Prices have soared, and purchasing power has decreased. However, some brands have become more expensive or unavailable, leading to a shift in consumer behavior. For instance, South Korean brands like LG have returned, but Chinese brands are not as good in quality.
Political Changes
The Kremlin has introduced strict laws penalizing "fake news" about the invasion. Social media platforms like Instagram and Facebook have been blocked, and it has become harder to use apps like WhatsApp and YouTube. The authorities have promoted state-backed alternatives like RuTube and the messaging app Max. These changes have had a significant impact on ordinary citizens, with many perceiving them as a violation of their personal lives.
Changing Opinions
Opinion polls consistently show widespread support for the war among the public. However, analysts caution that laws criminalizing anti-war sentiment make it hard to judge the accuracy of these polls. Some Russians, like Vladislav from Saratov, initially had doubts about the invasion but have since come around to supporting the war. Others, like Kirill, had their doubts but have become more jaded over time.
Apathy and Denial
Historically, many Russians have been more concerned with day-to-day survival than the machinations of power. This trend has continued with the "special military operation." Some, like Andrey, observe that almost everyone in their circles is apolitical and tries to ignore the news. However, for others, like Alexander Medvedev, the carnage has been too much to ignore, leading to a change of heart and an attempt to desert.
Emigration and Return
In the first year of the war, an estimated two million Russians left their motherland. Many young men feared conscription and sent to the front lines, while others had deeply held anti-Putin convictions. Some, like Mike, have settled in Berlin and are involved in an activist community helping those still in the country. However, many have since returned home due to difficulties fitting in or finding work in their host countries.
The Way Forward
As the war continues, Russia faces significant challenges. The economic impact of sanctions and the war's toll on society and the military are likely to shape the country's future. The opinions and experiences of those inside and outside the country offer a glimpse into the complex and evolving nature of Russia's relationship with the war in Ukraine.
